Bali is an Indonesian island located at 8°25′23″S, 115°14′55″ECoordinates: 8°25′23″S, 115°14′55″E, the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. It is one of the country’s 33 provinces with the provincial capital at Denpasar towards the south of the island.

With a population recorded as 3,151,000 in 2005, the island is home to the vast majority of Indonesia’s small Hindu minority. 93.18% of Bali’s population adheres to Balinese Hinduism, while most of the remainder follow Islam. It is also the largest tourist destination in the country and is renowned for its highly developed arts, including dance, sculpture, painting, leather, metalworking and music.

History

Temple offering in predominantly Hindu Bali island.

Bali was inhabited by Austronesian peoples by about 2,000 BCE who migrated originally from Taiwan through Maritime Southeast Asia.^[2] Culturally and linguistically, the Balinese are thus closely related to the peoples of the Indonesian archipelago, the Philippines, and Oceania.^[3] Stone tools dating from this time have been found near the village of Cekik in the island’s west.^[4]

Balinese culture was strongly influenced by Indian and Chinese, and particularly Hindu culture, in a process beginning around the 1st century AD. The name Balidwipa has been discovered from various inscriptions, including the Blanjong charter issued by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 913 AD and mentioning Walidwipa. It was during this time that the complex irrigation system subak was developed to grow rice. Some religious and cultural traditions still in existence today can be traced back to this period. The Hindu Majapahit Empire (1293–1520 AD) on eastern Java founded a Balinese colony in 1343. When the empire declined, there was an exodus of intellectuals, artists, priests and musicians from Java to Bali in the 15th century.

The first European contact with Bali is thought to have been made by Dutch explorer Cornelis de Houtman who arrived in 1597, though a Portuguese ship had foundered off the Bukit Peninsula as early as 1585.^{[citation needed]} Dutch colonial control was expanded across the Indonesian archipelago in the nineteenth century (see Dutch East Indies). Their political and economic control over Bali began in the 1840s on the island’s north coast by playing various distrustful Balinese realms against each other.^[5] In the late 1890s, struggles between Balinese kingdoms in the island’s south were exploited by the Dutch to increase their control. The Dutch mounted large naval and ground assaults at the Sanur region in 1906 and were met by the thousands of members of the royal family and their followers who marched to certain death against superior Dutch force in a suicidal puputan defensive assault rather than face the humiliation of surrender.^[5] Despite Dutch demands for surrender, an estimated 4,000 Balinese marched to their death against the invaders. In 1908, a similar massacre occurred in the face of a Dutch assault in Klungkung. Afterwards the Dutch governors were able to exercise little influence over the island, and local control over religion and culture generally remained intact.

Dutch rule over Bali had come later and was never as well established as in other parts of Indonesia such as Java and Maluku. Imperial Japan occupied Bali during World War II during which time a Balinese military officer, Gusti Ngurah Rai, formed a Balinese ‘freedom army’. In the 1930s, anthropologists Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson, and artists Miguel Covarrubias and Walter Spies, and musicologist Colin McPhee created a western image of Bali as “an enchanted land of aesthetes at peace with themselves and nature”, and western tourism first developed on the island.^[6] Following Japan’s Pacific surrender in August 1945, the Dutch promptly returned to Indonesia, including Bali, immediately to reinstate their pre-war colonial administration. This was resisted by the Balinese rebels now using Japanese weapons. On 20 November 1946, the Battle of Marga was fought in Tabanan in central Bali. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai, 29 years old, finally rallied his forces in east Bali at Marga Rana, where they made a suicide attack on the heavily armed Dutch. The Balinese battalion was entirely wiped out, breaking the last thread of Balinese military resistance. In 1946 the Dutch constituted Bali as one of the 13 administrative districts of the newly-proclaimed Republic of East Indonesia, a rival state to the Republic of Indonesia which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta. Bali was included in the “Republic of the United States of Indonesia” when the Netherlands recognised Indonesian independence on 29 December 1949.

The 1963 eruption of Mount Agung killed thousands, created economic havoc and forced many displaced Balinese to be transmigrated to other parts of Indonesia. Mirroring the widening of social divisions across Indonesia in the 1950s and early 1960s, Bali saw conflict between supporters of the traditional caste system, and those rejecting these traditional values. Politically, this was represented by opposing supporters of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and the Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI), with tensions and ill-feeling further increased by the PKI’s land reform programs.^[5] An attempted coup in Jakarta was put down by forces led by General Suharto. The army became the dominant power as it instigated a violent anti-communist purge, in which the army blamed the PKI for the coup. Most estimates suggest that at least 500,000 people were killed across Indonesia, with an estimated 80,000 killed in Bali, equivalent to 5 per cent of the island’s population.^[7] With no Islamic forces involved as in Java and Sumatra, upper-caste PNI landlords led the extermination of PKI members.^[8]

Bali blast monument.

As a result of the 1965/66 upheavals, Suharto was able to manoeuvre Sukarno out of the presidency, and his “New Order” government reestablished relations with western countries. The Bali as a tourist paradise which was instigated during the pre World War II colonial time was revised in a modern form, and the resulting large growth in tourism has led to Balinese standards of living rise dramatically and significant foreign exchange earned for the country.^[5] A bombing in 2002 by militant Islamists in the tourist area of Kuta killed 202 people, mostly foreigners. This attack, and another in 2005, severely affected tourism, bringing much economic hardship to the island.

Culture

Ogoh-ogoh monster in Ubud

Bali is renowned for its diverse and sophisticated art forms, such as painting, sculpture, woodcarving, handcrafts, and performing arts. Balinese percussion orchestra music, known as gamelan, is highly developed and varied. Balinese dances portray stories from Hindu epics such as the Ramayana but with heavy Balinese influence. Famous Balinese dances include pendet, legong, baris, topeng, barong, and kecak (the monkey dance).

The Hindu New Year, Nyepi, is celebrated in the spring by a day of silence. On this day everyone stays at home and tourists are encouraged to remain in their hotels. On the preceding day large, colorful sculptures of ogoh-ogoh monsters are paraded and finally burned in the evening to drive away evil spirits. Other festivals throughout the year are specified by the Balinese pawukon calendrical system.

National education programs, mass media and tourism continue to change Balinese culture. Immigration from other parts of Indonesia, especially Java, is changing the ethnic composition of Bali’s population.

The Balinese eat with their right hand, as the left is impure, a common belief throughout Indonesia. The Balinese do not hand or receive things with their left hand and would not wave at anyone with their left hand.

== Rumah Adat ==

[[Rumah Bali]] yang sesuai dengan aturan Asta Kosala Kosali (bagian [[Weda]] yang mengatur tata letak ruangan dan bangunan, layaknya Feng Shui dalam Budaya China)

Menurut filosofi masyarakat Bali, kedinamisan dalam hidup akan tercapai apabila terwujudnya hubungan yang harmonis antara aspek pawongan, palemahan, dan parahyangan. Untuk itu, pembangunan sebuah rumah harus meliputi aspek-aspek tersebut atau yang biasa disebut ‘’Tri Hita Karana’’. Pawongan merupakan para penghuni rumah. Palemahan berarti harus ada hubungan yang baik antara penghuni rumah dan lingkungannya.

Pada umumnya,bangunan atau arsitektur tradisional daerah Bali selalu dipenuhi hiasan, berupa ukiran, peralatan serta pemberian warna. Ragam hias tersebut mengandung arti tertentu sebagai ungkapan keindahan simbolsimbol dan penyampaian komunikasi. Bentuk-bentuk ragam hias dari jenis fauna juga berfungsi sebagai simbol-simbol ritual yang ditampilkan dalam patung.

>>> Ops!!! if you want to see the nature tour in Bali .. Don’t forget to came back in my blog… Ok????

Lyric of the song “So Sick” of Ne-Yo

Mmmm mmm yeah
Do do do do do do do-do
Ohh Yeah

Gotta change my answering machine
Now that I’m alone
Cuz right now it says that we
Can’t come to the phone
And I know it makes no sense
Cuz you walked out the door
But it’s the only way I hear your voice anymore
(it’s ridiculous)
It’s been months
And for some reason I just
(can’t get over us)
And I’m stronger then this
(enough is enough)
No more walkin round
With my head down
I’m so over being blue
Cryin over you

And I’m so sick of love songs
So tired of tears
So done with wishing you were still here
Said I’m so sick of love songs so sad and slow
So why can’t I turn off the radio?

Gotta fix that calender I have
That’s marked July 15th
Because since there’s no more you
There’s no more anniversary
I’m so fed up with my thoughts of you
And your memory
And how every song reminds me
Of what used to be

That’s the reason I’m so sick of love songs
So tired of tears
So done with wishing you were still here
Said I’m so sick of love songs so sad and slow
So why can’t I turn off the radio?

(Leave me alone)
Leave me alone
(Stupid love songs)
Dont make me think about her smile
Or having my first child
Let it go
Turning off the radio

Cuz I’m so sick of love songs
So tired of tears
So done with wishing she was still here
Said I’m so sick of love songs so sad and slow
So why can’t I turn off the radio?
(why can’t I turn off the radio?)

Said I’m so sick of love songs
So tired of tears
So done with wishing she was still here
Said I’m so sick of love songs so sad and slow
So why can’t I turn off the radio?
(why can’t I turn off the radio?)

And I’m so sick of love songs
So tired of tears
So done with wishin you were still here
Said I’m so sick of love songs so sad and slow
Why can’t I turn off the radio?
(why can’t I turn off the radio?)
Why can’t I turn off the radio?

Belum lama ini ada berita seputar tentang keinginan sekelompok masyarakat agar aborsi dilegalkan, dengan dalih menjunjung tinggi nilai hak azasi manusia. Ini terjadi karena tiap tahunnya peningkatan kasus aborsi di Indonesia kian meningkat, terbukti dengan pemberitaan di media massa atau TV setiap tayangan pasti ada terungkap kasus aborsi. Jika hal ini di legalkan sebgaimana yang terjadi di negara-negara Barat akan berakibat rusaknya tatanan agama, budaya dan adat bangsa. Berarti telah hilang nilai-nilai moral serta norma yang telah lama mendarah daging dalam masyarakat. Jika hal ini dilegal kan akan mendorong terhadap pergaulan bebas yang lebih jauh dalam masyarakat.

Orang tidak perlu menikah untuk melakukan hubungan seks. Sedangkan pelepasan tanggung jawab kehamilan bisa diatasi dengan aborsi. Legalisasi aborsi bukan sekedar masalah-masalah kesehatan reproduksi lokal Indonesia, tapi sudah termasuk salah satu pemaksaan gaya hidup kapitalis sekuler yang dipropagandakan PBB melalui ICDP (International Conference on Development and Population) tahun 1994 di Kairo Mesir.

Pada dasarnya seorang wanita yang melakukan aborsi akan mengalami ; penderitaan kehilangan harga diri (82%), berteriak-teriak histeris (51%), mimpi buruk berkali-kali mengenai bayi (63%), ingin bunuh diri (28%), terjerat obat-obat terlarang (41%), dan tidak bisa menikmati hubungan seksual (59%).

Aborsi atau abortus berarti penguguran kandungan atau membuang janin dengan sengaja sebelum waktunya, (sebelum dapat lahir secara alamiah). Abortus terbagi dua;

Pertama, Abortus spontaneus yaitu abortus yang terjadi secara tidak sengaja. penyebabnya, kandungan lemah, kurangnya daya tahan tubuh akibat aktivitas yang berlebihan, pola makan yang salah dan keracunan.

Kedua, Abortus provocatus yaitu aborsi yang disengaja. Disengaja maksudnya adalah bahwa seorang wanita hamil sengaja menggugurkan kandungan/ janinnya baik dengan sendiri atau dengan bantuan orang lain karena tidak menginginkan kehadiran janin tersebut.

Risiko Aborsi
Aborsi memiliki risiko penderitaan yang berkepanjangan terhadap kesehatan maupun keselamatan hidup seorang wanita. Tidak benar jika dikatakan bahwa seseorang yang melakukan aborsi ia ” tidak merasakan apa-apa dan langsung boleh pulang “.

Ini adalah informasi yang sangat menyesatkan bagi setiap wanita, terutama mereka yang sedang kebingungan karena tidak menginginkan kehamilan yang sudah terjadi. Resiko kesehatan terhadap wanita yang melakukan aborsi berisiko kesehatan dan keselamatan secara fisik dan gangguan psikologis.

Dalam buku “Facts of Life” yang ditulis oleh Brian Clowes, Phd; Risiko kesehatan dan keselamatan fisik yang akan dihadapi seorang wanita pada saat melakukan aborsi dan setelah melakukan aborsi adalah ;
– Kematian mendadak karena pendarahan hebat.
– Kematian mendadak karena pembiusan yang gagal.
– Kematian secara lambat akibat infeksi serius disekitar kandungan.
– Rahim yang sobek (Uterine Perforation).
– Kerusakan leher rahim (Cervical Lacerations) yang akan menyebabkan cacat pada anak berikutnya.
– Kanker payudara (karena ketidakseimbangan hormon estrogen pada wanita),
– Kanker indung telur (Ovarian Cancer).
– Kanker leher rahim (Cervical Cancer).
– Kanker hati (Liver Cancer).
– Kelainan pada placenta/ari-ari (Placenta Previa) yang akan menyebabkan cacat pada anak berikutnya dan pendarahan hebat pada saat kehamilan berikutnya.
– Menjadi mandul/tidak mampu memiliki keturunan lagi ( Ectopic Pregnancy).
– Infeksi rongga panggul (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease).
– Infeksi pada lapisan rahim (Endometriosis)

Proses aborsi bukan saja suatu proses yang memiliki resiko tinggi dari segi kesehatan dan keselamatan seorang wanita secara fisik, tetapi juga memiliki dampak yang sangat hebat terhadap keadaan mental seorang wanita. Gejala ini dikenal dalam dunia psikologi sebagai “Post-Abortion Syndrome” (Sindrom Paska-Aborsi) atau PAS. Gejala-gejala ini dicatat dalam ” Psychological Reactions Reported After Abortion ” di dalam penerbitan The Post-Abortion Review.

Oleh sebab itu yang sangat penting untuk diperhatikan dalam hal ini adanya perhatian khusus dari orang tua remaja tersebut untuk dapat memberikan pendidikan seks yang baik dan benar. Dan memberikan kepada remaja tersebut penekanan yang cukup berarti dengan cara meyampaikan; jika mau berhubungan seksual, mereka harus siap menanggung segala risikonya yakni hamil dan penyakit kelamin.

Namun disadari, masyarakat (orangtua) masih memandang tabu untuk memberikan pendidikan, pengarahan sex kepada anak. Padahal hal ini akan berakibat remaja mencari informasi dari luar yang belum tentu kebenaran akan hal sex tersebut.

 Kenakalan Remaja dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya

                  Kenakalan remaja biasa disebut dengan istilah Juvenile berasal dari bahasa Latin juvenilis, yang artinya anak-anak, anak muda, ciri karakteristik pada masa muda, sifat-sifat khas pada periode remaja, sedangkan delinquent berasal dari bahasa latin “delinquere” yang berarti terabaikan, mengabaikan, yang kemudian diperluas artinya menjadi jahat, nakal, anti sosial, kriminal, pelanggar aturan, pembuat ribut, pengacau peneror, durjana dan lain sebagainya. Juvenile delinquency atau kenakalan remaja adalah perilaku jahat atau kenakalan anakanak muda, merupakan gejala sakit (patologis) secara sosial pada anak-anak dan remaja yang disebabkan oleh satu bentuk pengabaian sosial, sehingga mereka mengembangkan bentuk perilaku yang menyimpang. Istilah kenakalan remaja mengacu pada suatu rentang yang luas, dari tingkah laku yang tidak dapat diterima sosial sampai pelanggaran status hingga tindak kriminal.(Kartono, 2003).

                  Mussen dkk (1994), mendefinisikan kenakalan remaja sebagai perilaku yang melanggar hukum atau kejahatan yang biasanya dilakukan oleh anak remaja yang berusia 16-18 tahun, jika perbuatan ini dilakukan oleh orang dewasa maka akan mendapat sangsi hukum. Hurlock (1973) juga menyatakan kenakalan remaja adalah tindakan pelanggaran hukum yang dilakukan oleh remaja, dimana tindakan

tersebut dapat membuat seseorang individu yang melakukannya masuk penjara. Sama halnya dengan Conger (1976) & Dusek (1977) mendefinisikan kenakalan remaja sebagai suatu kenakalan yang dilakukan oleh seseorang individu yang berumur di bawah 16 dan 18 tahun yang melakukan perilaku yang dapat dikenai sangsi atau hukuman.

                  Sarwono (2002) mengungkapkan kenakalan remaja sebagai tingkah laku yang menyimpang dari norma-norma hukum pidana, sedangkan Fuhrmann (1990) menyebutkan bahwa kenakalan remaja suatu tindakan anak muda yang dapat merusak dan menggangu, baik terhadap diri sendiri maupun orang lain. Santrock (1999) juga menambahkan kenakalan remaja sebagai kumpulan dari berbagai perilaku, dari perilaku yang tidak dapat diterima secara sosial sampai tindakan kriminal.

                  Dari pendapat-pendapat di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa kecenderungan kenakalan remaja adalah kecenderungan remaja untuk melakukan tindakan yang melanggar aturan yang dapat mengakibatkan kerugian dan kerusakan baik terhadap dirinya sendiri maupun orang lain yang dilakukan remaja di bawah umur 17 tahun.

Welcome to WordPress.com. This is your first post. Edit or delete it and start blogging!